A symphony of religions and ethnicities in the novel by Navaghis Roma based on Bakhtin's reading

Introduction: The novel "Nawaqis Roma" does not rely on the arguments or thoughts of a single character, and the multiplicity of discourses and the lack of definitive conclusions in this work create a great degree of freedom of interpretation for the reader. Since the novel is considered an important and influential category in the field of culture and literature of any society and it also increases awareness by bringing different voices to the ears of the audience through the narration of the story, the novel of Nawaqis Roma is also among this category of novels. which plays a significant role in reducing social damages. The purpose of this research is to investigate the elements of dialogue and polyphonic components such as: carnival, chronotope, mental fluid flow, intertextuality, etc., in order to determine how polyphonic presence in this novel is compatible with examples of Bakhtin's theory. .
Methodology: The current research aims to examine the novel "Nawaqis Roma" by Syrian poet and writer "Jon Dost" based on the polyphonic theory of the prominent Russian theorist Mikhail Bakhtin; Therefore, after a brief definition of the theory of polyphony and its components, as well as a brief introduction of Mikhail Bakhtin and the examination and adaptation of the examples in the novel based on the components of the said theory, its terminology, it takes a look at the background of this issue. In the following, with a complete definition of Bakhtin's "polyphonic" theory and the description of the element of conversation as the driving force of the story and a number of polyphonic components, including: carnival, intertextuality, grotesque, chronotope, polemic, etc., using the research method. A library collects the required information from written sources and classifies it based on content notes. In the following, referring to the descriptive-analytical method, he identifies and describes the effective elements in the content of the article and then qualitatively analyzes the obtained data.
Results and Discussion: In his story, Jon Dost describes nature in the most beautiful way possible, a nature that shows peace, purity, honesty, a warm circle and a place of safety for those in need and strangers. The movement and flow of waters, rivers and waves of the sea, the coming and going of the seasons, trees, beautiful historical buildings, and the sound of the bells and garlands of the mosque, with all these, he has created a very beautiful image of the book of creation and the beauty of the creator. Realism and sociability are the main features of this novel, and there is no abnormal or extraordinary event in the story, and all issues are normal, which can be seen in almost every class of society that has its own religion and ideology. . Zhan Dost portrayed the issue of tolerance and coexistence between different religions and ethnicities by accepting differences and setting aside religious extremism and points out that the differences between people should not disappear, but should remain stable in the framework of mutual understanding and understanding and develop Yaband, in his opinion, the difference of views in cultures should not be resolved through war and conflict, which are the source of separation and distancing. Rather, the difference in perspective should be reconciled in a long process of understanding and mutual understanding of humanity and its various manifestations.
Conclusion: The author has created an atmosphere in the story where the existing conditions almost reflect the multi-religious and ethnic communities that try to exclude each other or some people seek dialogue and compatibility, which is the role of dialogue in the novel. The voice of the followers of Christianity is heard as much as the voice of the believers of Islam. No voices of religions and ethnicities are included in the novel, and everyone takes the position of speaker and listener in turn. In general, dialogue in Nawaqis Roma's novel mostly expresses the external conditions such as: strata, different religions, women and men, which makes the text match the conditions of the society, and the internal and direct dialogue, which expresses the emotional, family and personal issues of people, is less colorful. Is.
Among the other things that Jean Dost has used in turning his work into a dialogue, we can mention the chronotope. Chronotopes are temporal/spatial continuums of different events. Jean Dost has mentioned several scenes of time-space continuity, the close connection of these two issues and the importance of how much these two issues can influence events. Jean Dost tells the main part of the story in two important events (the first moment when the lover meets the monk Paul and hears the news that brings him into crisis and confusion, an issue that changes his life and personality and the second moment, when he meets the nun of Genoa and returns (Ashiq really expresses his faith and the embrace of his country) in a context of different time and place that is inseparable.
By using the verses of the Quran, the Bible, mentioning the names of historical elders, prophets and referring to historical wars, mentioning the stories of the elders in the form of intertextuality, as well as combining the contents with each other, he has established a conversation with the texts and the past world. In addition to that, the fluid flow of the mind in the form of hadith of the soul, reminiscences and monologues that caused the voices inside people to be heard, as well as the use of multilingual elements and the use of symbols as a sign of unity among humanity, are other examples of polyphony in the novel of Nawaqis Roma.
Keywords: Polyphony, Symphony of Religions and Ethnicities, Mikhail Bakhtin, Jean Dost, Novaghis Roma.