the Motion Event in the Novel “Yousef Tadres' Stories” by Adel Esmat Based on Talmy's Cognitive Approach

Introduction: Talmy's work on lexicalization patterns initiated the study of how languages express motion. To examine the relationship between linguistic form and meaning, Talmy chose the domain of motion and motion events. He explains how semantic components are represented in linguistic forms through lexicalization patterns. He argues that a motion event is a situation in which motion or stasis occurs. This event has four components: in addition to figure and ground, there is also a 'path' and a 'motion component'. Apart from these internal components, a motion event also includes external events such as 'manner of motion' and 'cause', and these semantic elements are manifested through the superstructure elements in the language. The superstructure elements include motion, motion verb, and satellites, where satellites include prepositions and adverbial clauses. Each of these components is encoded in different ways in different languages, and languages differ in how they express these types of components. Based on how motion events are encoded, languages are classified into verb-framed and satellite-framed languages. In verb-framed languages, the path of motion is expressed in the root of the verb, and the manner of motion is expressed in a separate phrase, while in satellite-framed languages, the manner of motion is expressed in the root of the verb, and the path is expressed in a satellite.

Moreover, motion is considered as an event in which the meaning of displacement and movement is explicitly implied. Based on this, Talmy divides motion into two types: translational and rotational. In translational motion, an entity is displaced from one location to another. For example, the verbs "carry, drive, walk, etc." And in rotational motion (self-contained), the movement is not tangible and observable, but rather a displacement without a change in location and occurs in the original place. For example, "shake, tremble, etc.

Methodology: What is discussed here is the importance of applying and evaluating the aforementioned components in the content of the novel "Tales of Yusuf Tadrus" (2015) by Adel Esmat. This research is qualitative, and data analysis is done descriptively. The most important assumption in this research is how the motion components proposed by Talmy are represented in the content of the novel "Tales of Yusuf Tadrus". To this end, the text of the novel has been examined from the perspective of the era of motion, and after extracting the found motion verbs and taking notes, they have been categorized into different types and examples of each have been provided in the text of the novel.

Results and Discussion: By examining and comparing the motion components proposed by Talmy in the novel "Tales of Yusuf Tadrus", the following results are obtained. The application and examination of each of these components in the content of the novel "Tales of Yusuf Tadrus" indicates that, considering that the novel is an autobiography, it contains scattered topics in various areas, including the realm of emotions such as sadness, desire, anger, thought, fear, anxiety, loneliness, etc. All these matters are depicted in the novel as tangible and concrete moving objects, to the extent that it is observed throughout the novel that the author has attributed movement to time, death, and life, and has used certain verbs of motion for living beings, considering for them all the characteristics of a moving object such as origin, destination, direction, distance, etc.

The pattern of movement in this novel is unique. In this work, many negative concepts such as worry, anger, and rage are conceptualized as journeys up and down, in and out, similar to a journey from a starting point to a destination. Additionally, the separation of the figure from the ground is observed in many motion verbs like "خرجتُ" (kharajat) meaning "I went out" and "انطلق" (antalqa) meaning "set off". Conversely, in other verbs like "رجعتُ" (raj'atu) meaning "I returned" and "دخلنا" (dakhalna) meaning "we entered", the figure returns to the ground. Furthermore, motion verbs in this novel take on different meanings when used with prepositions. For instance, "جاءَ" (jaa'a), meaning "came", when used with the preposition "بـِ" (bi), changes its meaning to "brought". As this work is essentially an autobiography, and the author has experienced various challenges and shortcomings in his life, and has written about his happy and unhappy days, and his journey to success, he focuses more on describing the path and manner of movement. Based on the analysis of the novel, several patterns have been used, among which the three-part patterns of "motion + figure + manner" and "motion + figure + path" are the most frequent.

Many verbs in this novel have satellites. And some verbs such as "خَرَجَ" (kharaja) meaning "went out" and "رَجَعَ" (raj'a) meaning "returned", when used with the preposition "إلی" (ila), highlight the direction of movement and destination (the ultimate end of place and time). Moreover, the prepositions "مِن" (min) and "إلی" (ila), where "min" indicates the beginning and "ila" indicates the end and destination, have a higher frequency in conceptualizing motion events in this novel. The element of motion in this novel has a diverse structural variety, and various types of motion, including rotational, left to right, right to left, up and down, and strong, slow, and weak movements, exist in this novel. Finally, based on the analysis conducted in this novel, the motion verbs in this novel tend to be more satellite-framed.

General Discussion: A descriptive-analytical examination of the components of motion in the novel "Tales of Yusuf Tadrus" (2015) by Adel Esmat is of particular significance. The content of the novel is depicted in such a way that Yusuf Tadrus describes all stages of his life from birth to adulthood, and he mentions all the secrets of his life, including his problems with his wife Zant, his romantic relationships with Tahani and Sena, and the type of social life of Egyptians, etc. The research results indicate the applicability of Talmy's components to the content of the present novel