نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری
2 دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری ، گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی.
3 دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، گروه زبان و ادبیات عرب
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important styles of literary criticism is psychological criticism. This method is attractive and at the same time complex. The relationship between writers and the human psyche is an undeniable relationship. Psychological science studies and examines the human psyche, and literary works express the thought and personality of its creator. It affects the psyche and emotions of the audience. Therefore, literary creation is a completely psychological thing. . Literary criticism of psychology can deal with four issues in a literary work: author, content, formal structure and reader. Literature, especially the novel, because it deals with the facts of life in the framework of drawing the characters and the world of the story, expresses the characteristics of the human psyche; Therefore, it is possible to analyze its characters based on psychological theories. One of these theories is the theory of Abraham Harold Maslow, an American psychologist and the leading figure of humanistic psychology or the third force. Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs that includes five physiological needs, safety, affection and belonging, respect and self-actualization.While he paid the most attention to the highest need, i.e. the need for self-actualization, he believed that in order to achieve self-actualization, people's lower level needs must be met first.This research or a psychological approach examines the main character of the novel "The Disappearance of Al-Sayyed La Ahad" by Ahmed Tayabawi.
Methodology: : Ahmed Tayabawi is a professor at Farhat Abbas University and a contemporary Algerian novelist.
Ahmad Tayabawi's works include: "Al-Maqam Al-Ali", "Mot Naym", "Mezkarat Man Watan Akher", "Al-Bayad Al-Muthamah Bal Baraa", "Akhtfa Al-Sayyed La Ahad".
He won the Najib Mahfouz Literary Award in 2021. An award that is considered one of the most prestigious literary awards in the Arab world and has played a significant role in introducing Arab literature to the Western world. In this novel, the author deals with the events of the 1990s and its effects on the Algerian society. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the main character of the novel Ikhtfa Al-Sayyed La Ahad (The Disappearance of Mr. Nobody) by Ahmed Tayabawi, an Algerian writer, based on the theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs is discussed. The main theme that revolves around the content of the novel is "identity, existence, human existence". In this novel, Ahmad Tayabawi refers to the lost identity of the Algerian person.
Results and Discussion: Ahmed Tayabawi or the choice of this title has been able to point out the content and content of the novel and encourage the reader to read it. The narrative form of the novel is autobiographical. The main character of the novel repeatedly expresses his beliefs and perceptions, which allows the reader to form its different characteristics and dimensions.
Al-Sayyed LA Ahad's narration about his life is mixed with historical narration. Time in the novel is not natural and linear.
The present study tries to analyze the main character of the novel "The Disappearance of Al-Sayyed La Ahad" based on Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization in order to answer these questions: Has the main character of the novel Al-Sayyed La Ahad achieved self-actualization according to Abraham Maslow's theory? Are the characteristics of self-fulfilling people prominent in the main character of Al-Sayyed La Ahad novel?
Conclusion: The analysis of the main character of the novel Ikhtfa Al-Sayyed La-Ahad by Ahmed Tayabawi based on Maslow's self-actualization theory showed that Al-sayyed La Ahad first tries to satisfy low-level needs, i.e. physiological and to some extent safety; But after the events that happen in his life, he feels shame and humiliation and loss of meaning, and he reaches emptiness and does not pursue the satisfaction of his other needs. To deal with these feelings, he did not surrender to fate and chose to disappear, and this disappearance itself is a condition for his manifestation. With this solution, he has gained freedom, honor and happiness and he achieves self-fulfillment in an exceptional way. Although the first character of the story does not have all the components of self-actualization, the presence of indicators such as a more efficient perception of reality, the need for solitude, altruism, distinguishing means from the goal, focusing on a form outside of oneself, general acceptance of nature, others and oneself, and resistance to acculturation, show He has self-actualization, and according to the conducted studies, it can be said that the main character of Al-Sayyed's novel La Ahad achieves self-actualization. But this self-actualization does not take place with normal motivation and through satisfying the hierarchy of needs; Rather, like those who want to realize themselves, he is influenced by meta-motivation and reaches self-actualization due to having B values and moving in the path of meta-needs.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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