واکاوی مکانیسم‌های دفاعی رمان «کرنفال المدینة» بر اساس نظریه روانشناختی فروید

Defense mechanisms are key concepts in classical psychoanalysis, which Freud defined as unconscious reactions aimed at reducing anxiety and maintaining psychological cohesion and balance. These mechanisms vary from immature to mature forms depending on the individual’s level of psychological development, and serve to divert human awareness away from stressful subjects.The novel Carnival of the City by Nazha Ramalawi, set within the context of resistance literature, narrates the story of a teenager named Tamer in a Palestinian camp marked by violence and deprivation. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a psychological approach, identifies the hidden defense mechanisms of the main characters and demonstrates that individual psychological pressures within difficult social and political conditions can be better explained and deeply understood.Accordingly, this study emphasizes the interaction between individual psyche and collective stress structures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological reactions of characters in resistance texts. The research findings indicate that each character, in accordance with their psychological traits, emotional state, and specific situation in the story, employs different defense mechanisms.The diversity and variation in the type and intensity of defense mechanism usage reflect the psychological complexity of the characters. These mechanisms are not only responses to the internal tensions of the characters but also a reflection of the social and political pressures prevailing in the novel’s setting.

Defense mechanisms are key concepts in classical psychoanalysis, which Freud defined as unconscious reactions aimed at reducing anxiety and maintaining psychological cohesion and balance. These mechanisms vary from immature to mature forms depending on the individual’s level of psychological development, and serve to divert human awareness away from stressful subjects.The novel Carnival of the City by Nazha Ramalawi, set within the context of resistance literature, narrates the story of a teenager named Tamer in a Palestinian camp marked by violence and deprivation. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a psychological approach, identifies the hidden defense mechanisms of the main characters and demonstrates that individual psychological pressures within difficult social and political conditions can be better explained and deeply understood.Accordingly, this study emphasizes the interaction between individual psyche and collective stress structures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological reactions of characters in resistance texts. The research findings indicate that each character, in accordance with their psychological traits, emotional state, and specific situation in the story, employs different defense mechanisms.The diversity and variation in the type and intensity of defense mechanism usage reflect the psychological complexity of the characters. These mechanisms are not only responses to the internal tensions of the characters but also a reflection of the social and political pressures prevailing in the novel’s setting.

Defense mechanisms are key concepts in classical psychoanalysis, which Freud defined as unconscious reactions aimed at reducing anxiety and maintaining psychological cohesion and balance. These mechanisms vary from immature to mature forms depending on the individual’s level of psychological development, and serve to divert human awareness away from stressful subjects.The novel Carnival of the City by Nazha Ramalawi, set within the context of resistance literature, narrates the story of a teenager named Tamer in a Palestinian camp marked by violence and deprivation. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a psychological approach, identifies the hidden defense mechanisms of the main characters and demonstrates that individual psychological pressures within difficult social and political conditions can be better explained and deeply understood.Accordingly, this study emphasizes the interaction between individual psyche and collective stress structures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological reactions of characters in resistance texts. The research findings indicate that each character, in accordance with their psychological traits, emotional state, and specific situation in the story, employs different defense mechanisms.The diversity and variation in the type and intensity of defense mechanism usage reflect the psychological complexity of the characters. These mechanisms are not only responses to the internal tensions of the characters but also a reflection of the social and political pressures prevailing in the novel’s setting.

Defense mechanisms are key concepts in classical psychoanalysis, which Freud defined as unconscious reactions aimed at reducing anxiety and maintaining psychological cohesion and balance. These mechanisms vary from immature to mature forms depending on the individual’s level of psychological development, and serve to divert human awareness away from stressful subjects.The novel Carnival of the City by Nazha Ramalawi, set within the context of resistance literature, narrates the story of a teenager named Tamer in a Palestinian camp marked by violence and deprivation. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and a psychological approach, identifies the hidden defense mechanisms of the main characters and demonstrates that individual psychological pressures within difficult social and political conditions can be better explained and deeply understood.Accordingly, this study emphasizes the interaction between individual psyche and collective stress structures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological reactions of characters in resistance texts. The research findings indicate that each character, in accordance with their psychological traits, emotional state, and specific situation in the story, employs different defense mechanisms.The diversity and variation in the type and intensity of defense mechanism usage reflect the psychological complexity of the characters. These mechanisms are not only responses to the internal tensions of the characters but also a reflection of the social and political pressures prevailing in the novel’s setting.