واکاوی رمان «الأجنحة المتکسّرة» جبران خلیل جبران بر ‌پایه سبک امپرسیونیسم

Introduction: Since both painting and literature originate from human emotions, there is a thin line between them. The influence of literature on factors such as art and music has been evident in different periods, which has led to the creation of new literary styles and schools. Impressionism is one of the art styles that became popular in France in the first half of the 19th century and then entered literature as well. Impressionist artists focused on individual intuition in depicting their works. In their view, the artist should merely record his impression of objects and landscapes. These paintings were formed with the help of successive brushstrokes to illustrate the effects of light and color on objects, and accurate illustration was avoided. In literature, Impressionism is also focused on the author's personal perception of things and everything is written as it is felt by the author. Gibran Khalil Gibran is one of the contemporary Arab writers who pays special attention to personal perception, light, and color in his novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah". The novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah" tells a love story in a spiritual context, in which Gibran depicts love and its impact on his lost life. This novel is also full of personal descriptions and the narrator's momentary impressions of his surroundings, so it is a good case for studying Impressionism. The aim of this research is to examine the characteristics of the Impressionist style in the novel Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah and how Kahlil Gibran employed the Impressionist style in this novel. Numerous studies have been conducted on Kahlil Gibran’s works so far, but since this study focuses on an Impressionist reading of the novel Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah, it is considered a novel and purposeful research in its own right.



Methodology: This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the characteristics of the Impressionist style, aims to examine how this style is reflected in the novel Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah. this study explores Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah based on the artistic style of Impressionism, reviewing its details to investigate the reflection of Impressionist painters' techniques in fictional literature. Initially, paragraphs that reflect light, shadow, color, and appearance in the narrator’s descriptions are identified and analyzed. Additionally, the retelling of the story based on the narrator’s mental perceptions and the role of literary devices in Impressionist descriptions are examined. The distinguishing feature of this study lies in the new dimensions it explores regarding the relationship between the perceptions of the author and the painter in depicting the work.

Results and Discussion: In response to the research questions, it can be said that the narrator's descriptions are akin to a painting. it is explained that the narrator's descriptions are like a painting. The author has given the text a painting effect by inserting their light, color, shadows, and sparkle behind the words, just like a painter who uses dark and light colors to convey his emotions in the moment. Also, the author has used the juxtaposition of contrasting colors to express the effects of light and his momentary descriptions. In fact, he is always trying to record the changes in natural light through his descriptions, and he places a lot of emphasis on the objective and ephemeral experiences of nature. The novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah", like the style of Impressionism, considers the turning point of the narrative on the narrator's perceptions of the moment of affairs and believes that everything adheres to the author's personal inferences and most of Gibran's descriptions adhere to this fact. The author has shown how the narrator feels the world and the phenomena around him. From the beginning of the story, the author has mixed all reality with his impressionism and is very skilled in creating emotional spaces. The nature and all the scenes are described in a way that arises from the narrator's concerns and beliefs about his problems. Gibran relies primarily on his momentary perceptions. He then describes these perceptions and emotions in the form of shape, color, light, and shadow. Finally, it is clear that literary arrays play a significant role in combining reality and fantasy for the narrator's descriptions. The paragraphs are full of implicit meanings and The dominant element of this novel is an array of similes that create beautiful imaginary images, just like the Impressionist painters who painted the reflection of light and color with imaginary images in the creation of their works.

Conclusion: The results of the research show that in the novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah", Gibran has a pen in his hand to create an impressionist painting .This narration is a translation of an emotional image of the narrator's life, which by merging it with the imagination, has depicted a more beautiful manifestation of personal perceptions, and indeed, his skill in painting has been manifested in this narrative. In this narration, everything is narrated as it is perceived by the narrator, not as it is. Just like the painters of the Impressionist art style, he avoids lengthy elaboration and expresses his sentences in a concise manner while being perfect. Literary arrays are one of the tools that have increased the effectiveness of the author's images and sensory descriptions in this narrative with the help of imagination. As a result, the artistic use of vocabulary has had a significant impact on better instilling concepts. Also, the narrator's focus has been on his personal inferences. In order to better convey concepts, the novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah" has used imagery instead of speech. The narrator's attention is focused on reflecting the phenomena and feelings in the text based on his mental states. In fact, in the novel "Al-Ajnaha Al-Mutakassirah", originality is with the inner world and subjectivity of images arising from the narrator's personal intuition. As a result, this novel is one of the distinctive examples of the Impressionist story based on the school of Impressionist painting.