سازوکارهای شخصیت های داستان بین القصرین در رویارویی با پدر/فراخود

Introduction:

Bayn al-Quṣrayn (Between two palaces) narrates life of a traditional family living in Cario around the time period of World War 1. This novel is written based of realistic style and shows the social and political circumstances in Egypt during the First World War. Sayed Ahmed, father of family is strict and self-centered one, and poses severe ethics and meaningless traditions on his family members. He establishes firm rules based on piety in the house, forbids all kinds of pleasures for family members including listening to music, falling in love and even laughing. He has such dominance on his family member that none of them dare asking him why he stays out of house until late time of night. He has a critical role in the novel in a way that his characters overshadows the manners all of characters and events of the novel. The family member cannot oppose their father consciously, but unconsciously their treatment are opposed to the principles of their fatehrs. present reading, consider interaction between Sayed Ahmed and his sons as mechanisms of the different parts of psych and so it aims to reading the father/sons relations as the interplays between three part of human psych noted in Freud theory of personality (Id, ego, super-ego).

Methodology:

More precisely in this reading, Sayed Ahmed is assumed as Father/Superego who forces his family members to accept his orders (beliefs, traditions), and the sons are regarded as different parts of psych (id, ego) which confronts their Father/Superego by special mechanisms. In other words the father/sons are considered opposed parts of psych that encounter each other by relations of conflict and reconciliations. This article wants to investigate these relations.

Results and discussion: The results indicate that strict manners of Father/Superego to control his sons have some unexpected subsequences. First of reaction is seen by Sayed himself. The unconscious of Sayed Ahmed ( precisely Id part of it) cannot bear his omnipotent superego, that is formed of void norms and insufficient traditions, so its unconscious react and let his id distinct be released in hidden way. To put it simply, his unconscious, in parallel with the strict character in day and in house, let a hedonistic character be appeared in night which is symbol of unconscious. The id appeared in the night is not completely opposed with Sayed’s super-ego, because it emerges at the in a sublimated form.presicely speaking his desires in the night parties in accompanying with women, are sexual but they emerges with morality and art. so by this mechanism (Sublimation) a reconciliation occurs between two opposed parts,” id and superego’. Yasin the first son of family in reaction to the father/superego converts to an extreme id, his character is either an extreme id opposed to extreme super ego of father at home, or an extreme form of sublimated id of his father. The second son, Fahmi has a rational and moderate character. The Fahmi literally abbreviated from Fahm which in Arabic means conscience. He, contrary to his father and Yasin, has controls on his emotions and barely becomes enraged. In the novel he is symbol of ego. Is some occasion Fahmi encounter with father/superego, first of that is when he falls in love with Meryam the daughter of his neighbor. Sayed Ahmad as a super-ego suppressed his platonic love. He studies law and at the university become aware of political conditions of his country and joins to the the national anti-British groups. By starting political acts with the nationalist and patriarch students, his ego –which is dominant part of his character- tend to be a very idealistic superego. The superego dimension of Fahmai becoms so strong at the point that Father/superego cannot encounter it and suppress it. In sum, when Fahmi is ego cannot confront his father, so his ego converts to a super-ego till be able to defeat the meaningless norms and traditions of his Father/ super-ego. Inclination to the adventures and playfulness is the characteristic of the youngest son kamal. Kamal always is willing to realize his desires (plays) at the moment and want to continue it and make it longer and longer, this are some of Id’s characteristics that want everything at current time and extend it as long as possible.in an episode, Kamal goes with his mother –who has been encouraged by her sons and dauthers to go out when Seyad is on trip- and tries to motivated his mother to stay out more. Kamal’s willing to adventures cause his mother to be hit by a car. The accident brings about that Sayed be awar of disobedience of his wife and his pride be injured.

Conclusion: so, characters of Bayn al-Quṣrayn (Between two palaces) and their behaviors and relations are meaningful and can be investigated according to the some psychoanalytic approaches and theories.