نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 فارغ التحصیل کارشنانسی ارشد دانشگاه گیلان
2 هیئت علمی دانشگاه گیلان
3 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In this research, we intend to examine the basic concepts of Lucien Goldmann's constructivist theory of development as well as meaningful structure, author's worldview, problematic hero, dialectic, etc. in two stages of receiving and explaining.
Introduction
Sociological criticism is among the critical theories that have formed in the interactive field between literature and social sciences. Of the main principles of this criticism is the study of literary structure and society. Sociological critics have defined different theories in line with this criticism from a long time ago. Some of them only dealt with literary work’s content. And some paid attention to literary work’s form. Eventually a cohesive theory was devised in which the reciprocal effect of form and content of literary work was dealt with. This theory believes as the writer is influenced by his/ her society in creating literary work the literary work is also effects society and social environment. Gyorgy Lukacs and Lucien Goldman are among the theoreticians of this approach.
Goldman made a fundamental change in sociological criticism by presenting genetic structuralism theory. By stating that the writer alone does not determine the text structure and advancement of inner text events he emphasized other people’s role in society. He stated that literary work is an extra-individual product that society elements have an influential role in it along with the writer. In order to study literary works Goldman presented principles such as problematic character, significant structure, reifying phenomenon, etc.
Goldman called his method "evolutionary constructivism" in that it examined the structures of the work and its relation to mental constructs, and evolutionary in that it explained the reason for the emergence of these structures on the basis of historical conditions. کرد. By choosing this title, Goldman also emphasized the difference between his method and popular sociology and constructivist formalism; Because in popular sociology, the literary work was considered a reflection of the content of collective consciousness, and as a result, the relationship between the two was examined at the content level; whereas in the formative constructivist method, the literary work is not a reflection of collective consciousness; Rather, it is considered its constructor and coherent, and their relationship is examined at the level of structures, not only at the level of content.
Methodology
In this research effort has been made to study “Nahnu La Nazraa Al-Shok” novel with descriptive-analytic approach and in the framework of sociological criticism based on Lucien Goldman’s genetic structuralism
Results and Discussion
The results of the study indicate that Yusuf Sibai influenced by Egypt’s social environment and expressing problems and social realities inside society has written this novel in order to show reader the problems of Egypt’s traditional class. One of the results of this research is that the basic concepts of Goldman's theory, both in the receiving stage and explained by Yousef Al-Sabai, have been widely reflected in this novel. Thus, the basic concepts of Goldmann's constructivist theory of development are fully evident in this novel; Because the meaningful structure in the sense of belonging to the Egyptian society and the author's worldview in the concept of an integrated view of the reality of his society and dialectic, ie the relationship between society and the individual is well seen in this novel. Transcendental actor means all the people who are the creators of this work and also the problematic hero of the novel, all of them are drawn in this work in accordance with Goldman's patterns, all of which are in the receiving stage and the author in the description stage by expressing social and political issues Has studied the political and social structure of society. Because according to the study of the position of Egyptian women in that period, we can point to problems such as discrimination, inequality and non-observance of justice, problems in the field of marriage, divorce, child custody, etc., which Yusuf al-Saba'i mentioned. He portrays it well in his novel.
Conclusion
Since the novel has a social theme, Yusuf al-Saba'i, as the author of the work, has tried not to merely reflect a reflection of his view of society in the valley of the novel; Rather, he speaks of the realities of that period in the social space that his use of real consciousness in the text of the novel is a proof of this claim; As much as people were aware of social problems and issues, he used them without exception in the text of the novel. Al-Saba'i has been able to reflect the society and social issues prevailing at that time in his novel, and in fact it can be said that Al-Saba'i is a reflection of society and people and social issues in his novels, especially we are not a source of shock. ;
Keywords:Sociological Criticism, Lucien Goldman, Genetic Structuralism, Yusuf Sibai, Nahnu La Nazraa Al-Shok
کلیدواژهها [English]
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